I-Evolution yoGutyulo lweeLori zeNkunkuma: Ukusuka kwizilwanyana-zitsalwa ukuya kuMbane opheleleyo-1

Iilori zenkunkuma zizithuthi eziyimfuneko zococeko kuthutho lwale mihla lwenkunkuma yasezidolophini. Ukususela kwiinqwelo zenkunkuma ezitsalwa zizilwanyana ukuya kwezona mihla zikhoyo zombane ngokupheleleyo, ezikrelekrele, neziqhutywa ngolwazi, iyintoni inkqubo yophuhliso?

Imvelaphi yeelori zenkunkuma ibuyela eYurophu kwiminyaka yoo-1920 kunye no-1930. Iilori zokuqala zenkunkuma yayiyinqwelo yamahashe enebhokisi, exhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kumandla omntu nawezilwanyana.

Ngeminyaka yee-1920s iYurophu, ngokwamkelwa ngokubanzi kweemoto, iilori zenkunkuma zemveli zatshintshwa ngokuthe ngcembe zilori zenkunkuma ezivulekileyo ngaphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, uyilo oluvulekileyo lwavumela ivumba elibi elisuka kwinkunkuma ukuba lisasazeke ngokulula kwindawo engqongileyo, lasilela ukulawula ngokufanelekileyo uthuli, kwaye latsala izinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo ezifana neempuku kunye neengcongconi.

Ngokunyuka kolwazi lokusingqongileyo kunye nenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji, iYurophu yabona ukunyuka kweelori zenkunkuma ezigqunyiweyo, ezibonisa isikhongozeli esingangeni manzi kunye nesixhobo sokuphakamisa. Ngaphandle kolu phuculo, ukulayishwa kwenkunkuma kwakusengumsebenzi onzima, kufuna ukuba abantu ngabanye baphakamise imigqomo ukuya kumagxa.

Kamva, amaJamani avelisa ingcamango entsha yeelori ezijikelezayo zokulahla inkunkuma. Ezi lori ziquka isixhobo esijikelezayo esifana nesixube sesamente. Lo matshini wawuvumela izinto ezinkulu, ezinjengoomabonakude okanye ifenitshala, ukuba zityunyuzwe kwaye zigxininiswe ngaphambili kwesingxobo.

Oku kulandelayo yilori yenkunkuma ebumba ngasemva eyaqanjwa ngo-1938, neyathi yadibanisa iingenelo zeelori zenkunkuma zohlobo lwefuneli zangaphandle ezineesilinda ezisebenza ngehydraulic ukuqhuba itreyi yenkunkuma. Olu yilo lwaphucula kakhulu isakhono sokudibanisa ilori, sandisa umthamo wayo.

Ngelo xesha, enye idizayini eyaziwayo yayiyilori yokulayisha inkunkuma ecaleni. Yayineyunithi ehlala ixesha elide yokuqokelelwa kwenkunkuma, apho inkunkuma yayilahlwa kwindawo evulekileyo kwicala lesikhongozeli. Isilinda esiqhutywa ngamanzi okanye ipleyiti yoxinzelelo emva koko yatyhala inkunkuma ngasemva kwesingxobo. Noko ke, olu hlobo lwelori lwalungafanelekanga ukuphatha izinto ezinkulu.

Phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1950, iNkampani yelori yeDumpster yavelisa ilori yokulahla inkunkuma elayisha ngaphambili, eyayiyeyona iphambili ngexesha layo. Yayinengalo esebenza ngomatshini ekwaziyo ukuphakamisa okanye ukuthoba isikhongozeli, inciphisa kakhulu umsebenzi wezandla.